Circuits, Formulas And Tables Electrical Engine...
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Equations (15.27) and (15.28) contain a factor R that represents the resistance in ohms to direct current of 1 mil-ft of wire. The value of R may be taken as 10.7 for copper and 17.7 for aluminum. Tables in the National Fire Protection Association National Electrical Code Handbook give the resistance, ohms per 1000 ft, for various sizes of conductors. For small wire sizes, up to No. 3, resistance is the same for alternating and direct current. But above No. 3, ac resistance is larger, and this value as given in the handbook should be applied.Voltage drops used in design may range from 1 to 5% of the service voltage.Some codes set a maximum for voltage drop of 2.5% for combined light and power circuits from service entry to the building to point of final distribution at branch panels.When this voltage drop is apportioned to the various parts of the circuit, it is economical to assign the greater part, say 1.5 to 2%, to the smaller, more numerous feeders, and only 0.5 to 1% to the heavy main feeders between the service and main distribution panels. Tables in the NFPA handbook give the maximum allowable current for each wire size for copper and aluminum wire and the area, in circular mils, to be used in the voltage-drop formulas.First, select the minimum-size wire allowed by the building code, and test it for voltage drop. If this drop is excessive, test a larger size, until one is found for which the voltage drop is within the desired limit. This trial-and-error process can be shortened by first assuming the desired voltage drop, and then computing the required wire area with Eqs. (15.27) and (15.28). The wire size can be selected from the handbook tables.For circuits designed for motor loads only, no lighting, the maximum voltage drop may be increased to a total of 5%. Of this, 1% can be assigned to branch circuits and 4% to feeders.Tables in the handbook also give dimensions of trade sizes of conduit and tubing and permissible numbers of conductors that can be placed in each size.
Conductors must have an adequate ampacity for the load according to tables 310.16 through 310.19, while also having a voltage drop under the maximum allowable value of 3%. Also note that rated ampacity is reduced when there are multiple conductors installed together. All three factors must be verified to have a code-compliant electrical installation. 59ce067264
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